The Fundamental Rights are divided into seven categories which are covered from Article 12 till Article 35 of the Indian Constitution. These categories are:
- Right to Equality (Article 14 to 18)
- Right to Freedom (Article 19 to 22)
- Right against exploitation (Article 23 and 24)
- Right to freedom of religion (Article 25 to 28)
- Cultural and Educational rights (Article 29 to 30)
- Right to property (Article 31)
- Right to Constitutional remedies (Article 32)
- Right to Equality (Article 14 to 18):
- Article 14 ensures equality before the law and equal protection of the laws for all citizens.
- Articles 15 and 16 prohibit discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Article 17 abolishes "untouchability," and Article 18 prohibits titles and honors from being granted by the state.
Right to Freedom (Article 19 to 22):
- Article 19 guarantees six freedoms, including freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, and movement.
- Article 20 protects individuals from self-incrimination and double jeopardy.
- Article 21 ensures the right to life and personal liberty.
- Article 22 deals with arrest and detention safeguards.
Right against Exploitation (Article 23 and 24):
- Article 23 prohibits human trafficking, forced labor, and other forms of exploitation.
- Article 24 bans child labor under the age of 14 in hazardous industries.
Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25 to 28):
- Article 25 guarantees the freedom to practice and propagate any religion.
- Article 26 grants autonomy to religious institutions.
- Article 27 prohibits the use of public funds for religious purposes.
- Article 28 deals with religious instructions in educational institutions funded by the state.
Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29 to 30):
- Article 29 safeguards the rights of minorities to conserve their language, script, and culture.
- Article 30 provides minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions.
Right to Property (Article 31):
- Article 31 originally guaranteed the right to property as a fundamental right but was later repealed by the 44th Amendment Act in 1978.
Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32):
- Article 32 empowers citizens to directly approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their fundamental rights, making it a cornerstone for protecting these rights.
These fundamental rights collectively form the bedrock of the Indian Constitution, ensuring justice, equality, and liberty for its citizens. They are essential for upholding the principles of democracy and social justice in the country
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Constitutional law